In 2024, Microsoft completed a corporate carbon footprint assessment and publicly disclosed its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions according to the GHG Protocol, covering Scope 1 (direct emissions from owned or controlled sources), Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased energy) and Scope 3 (indirect emissions across the value chain).
Microsoft has also provided a category-level breakdown for 11 out of 15 Scope 3 emissions categories, offering greater transparency into its value chain emissions.
| Metric (tCO2e) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Scope 1 | 143,510a | 144,960a | 139,413a | |
Total Scope 2 | ||||
Market-Based | 259,090a | 393,134a | 288,029a | |
Location-Based | 9,955,368a | 8,077,403a | 6,381,250a | |
Total Scope 3 | 15,140,000a | 16,397,000a | 12,571,000b | |
Total Scope 1 Revenue Intensity (tCO2e/$M) | 0.5855a | 0.684a | 0.7031a |
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In 2024, the total operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Microsoft amounted to 10,098,878 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. This figure includes both direct emissions from owned or controlled sources (Scope 1) and indirect emissions from purchased energy (Scope 2).a
Compared to 2023, the total operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Microsoft increased by 22.82%, suggesting that the company faced challenges in reducing its emissions from its core operations.a
In 2024, the total Scope 1 emissions of Microsoft were 143,510 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e).a
Since 2019, Microsoft's Scope 1 emissions have increased by 21.66%, reflecting a rising long-term trend in Scope 1 emissions over time.ac
Compared to the previous year (2023), Microsoft's Scope 1 emissions decreased by 1%, highlighting the company's efforts to lower direct emissions from assets it owns or controls.a
In 2024, Microsoft reported Scope 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 259,090 tCO₂e using the market-based method and 9,955,368 tCO₂e using the location-based method.a
Since 2019, Microsoft's Scope 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Location-Based) have increased by 179.84%, reflecting a rising long-term trend in Scope 2 emissions over time.ad
Compared to the previous year (2023), Microsoft's Scope 2 emissions (Location-Based) rose by 23.25% in 2024, suggesting that the company faced challenges in reducing emissions from purchased electricity and energya
In 2024, Microsoft reported its Scope 2 emissions using the market-based method and using the location-based method.a
In 2024, Microsoft reported 15,140,000 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e) of Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, representing indirect emissions across its upstream and downstream value chain.a
The 2024 disclosure of Microsoft includes a breakdown across 11 of the 15 Scope 3 categories defined by the GHG Protocol, matching the level of disclosure in 2023, demonstrating consistent Scope 3 emissions reporting coverage year over year.a
In 2024, Microsoft reported total Scope 3 emissions of 15,140,000 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e).a
Approximately 83.98% of these emissions originated from upstream activities such as purchased goods and capital goods, while 16.02% came from downstream activities like product use, distribution, and end-of-life treatment.a
Since 2019, Microsoft's Scope 3 emissions have increased by 33.31%, reflecting a rising long-term trend in Scope 3 emissions over time.ad
Compared to the previous year (2023), Microsoft's Scope 3 emissions remained relatively stable, indicating that Microsoft's emissions have plateaued with no significant change in its value chain footprint.a
In 2024, Microsoft reported emissions for 11 out of the 15 Scope 3 categories defined by the GHG Protocol.a
This reflects a high level of granularity and transparency in the company's emissions reporting.
In 2024, the largest contributors to Microsoft's Scope 3 emissions were:a
In 2024, Microsoft reported Scope 1 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 143,510 tCO₂e and total revenues of USD 245,107 millions. This translates into an emissions intensity of 0.59 tCO₂e per millions USD.a
In 2024, Microsoft reported a Scope 1 emissions intensity of 0.59 tCO₂e per millions USD. Compared to the peer group median of 0.17, this places the company above its industry benchmark, indicating it is less carbon-efficient than most competitors.a
In 2024, Microsoft ranked 23 out of 24 companies in its industry peer group, based on Scope 1 emissions intensity (measured in tCO₂e per millions USD).a
This places Microsoft among the least efficient performers, with one of the highest emissions intensities in its sector.a
In 2024, Microsoft reported a total carbon footprint of 25,238,878 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e) across Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions. This represents a 2.52% increase compared to 2023, suggesting a rise in emissions across its operations or value chain.a
The largest contributor to Microsoft's total carbon footprint was Scope 3 emissions, accounting for 59.99% of the company's total carbon footprint, followed by Scope 2 emissions at 39.44%.a