In 2025, Alphabet completed a corporate carbon footprint assessment and publicly disclosed its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions according to the GHG Protocol, covering Scope 1 (direct emissions from owned or controlled sources), Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased energy) and Scope 3 (indirect emissions across the value chain).
Alphabet has also provided a category-level breakdown for 7 out of 15 Scope 3 emissions categories, offering greater transparency into its value chain emissions.
| Metric (tCO2e) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022-2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Scope 1 | 86,100a | 71,700a | 75,100a | |
Total Scope 2 | ||||
Market-Based | 2,815,000a | 2,898,600a | 3,288,000a | |
Location-Based | 15,148,700a | 11,067,100a | 9,085,700a | |
Total Scope 3 | 15,946,000a | 12,967,000a | 11,557,000a | |
Total Scope 1 Revenue Intensity (tCO2e/$M) | 0.2137a | 0.205a | 0.2445a |
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In 2025, the total operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Alphabet amounted to 15,234,800 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. This figure includes both direct emissions from owned or controlled sources (Scope 1) and indirect emissions from purchased energy (Scope 2).a
Compared to 2024, the total operational greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Alphabet increased by 36.77%, suggesting that the company faced challenges in reducing its emissions from its core operations.a
In 2025, the total Scope 1 emissions of Alphabet were 86,100 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e).a
Since 2019, Alphabet's Scope 1 emissions have increased by 31.85%, reflecting a rising long-term trend in Scope 1 emissions over time.a
Compared to the previous year (2024), Alphabet's Scope 1 emissions increased by 20.08%, suggesting that the company faced challenges in reducing emissions from its directly owned or controlled operations.a
In 2025, Alphabet reported Scope 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 2,815,000 tCO₂e using the market-based method and 15,148,700 tCO₂e using the location-based method.a
Since 2019, Alphabet's Scope 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Location-Based) have increased by 192.84%, reflecting a rising long-term trend in Scope 2 emissions over time.a
Compared to the previous year (2024), Alphabet's Scope 2 emissions (Location-Based) rose by 36.88% in 2025, suggesting that the company faced challenges in reducing emissions from purchased electricity and energya
In 2025, Alphabet reported its Scope 2 emissions using the market-based method and using the location-based method.a
In 2025, Alphabet reported 15,946,000 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e) of Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, representing indirect emissions across its upstream and downstream value chain.a
The 2025 disclosure of Alphabet includes a breakdown across 7 of the 15 Scope 3 categories defined by the GHG Protocol, matching the level of disclosure in 2024, demonstrating consistent Scope 3 emissions reporting coverage year over year.a
In 2025, Alphabet reported total Scope 3 emissions of 15,946,000 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e).a
Approximately 100% of these emissions originated from upstream activities such as purchased goods and capital goods, while 0% came from downstream activities like product use, distribution, and end-of-life treatment.a
Since 2019, Alphabet's Scope 3 emissions have increased by 67.83%, reflecting a rising long-term trend in Scope 3 emissions over time.a
Compared to the previous year (2024), Alphabet's Scope 3 emissions increased by 22.97%, suggesting that the company faced challenges in reducing emissions across its value chain.a
In 2025, Alphabet reported emissions for 7 out of the 15 Scope 3 categories defined by the GHG Protocol.a
This partial disclosure allows for some insight into the company's indirect impacts.
In 2025, the largest contributors to Alphabet's Scope 3 emissions were:a
In 2025, Alphabet reported Scope 1 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 86,100 tCO₂e and total revenues of USD 402,901 millions. This translates into an emissions intensity of 0.21 tCO₂e per millions USD.a
In 2025, Alphabet reported a Scope 1 emissions intensity of 0.21 tCO₂e per millions USD. Compared to the peer group median of 0.2, this places the company above its industry benchmark, indicating it is less carbon-efficient than most competitors.a
In 2025, Alphabet ranked 13 out of 23 companies in its industry peer group, based on Scope 1 emissions intensity (measured in tCO₂e per millions USD).a
Alphabet is therefore positioned in the mid-range of its industry, neither a clear leader nor a laggard in carbon efficiency.a
In 2025, Alphabet reported a total carbon footprint of 31,180,800 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e) across Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions. This represents a 29.35% increase compared to 2024, suggesting a rise in emissions across its operations or value chain.a
The largest contributor to Alphabet's total carbon footprint was Scope 3 emissions, accounting for 51.14% of the company's total carbon footprint, followed by Scope 2 emissions at 48.58%.a